Transport by sea is inherently stressful for animals. Even on “purpose-built ships” they are exposed to rough waters, lack of ventilation, and prolonged periods of standing in their own excrement, leading to increased risk of heat stress, injury, illness, and death.
Seven live export ships have been lost at sea since 2009, including the Gulf Livestock 1 which capsized in the East China Sea in 2020, taking the lives of 5,867 cows and 41 crew members. Analysis from The Guardian found that live export ships are at least twice as likely as standard cargo vessels to suffer a total loss through sinking.
In their destination countries, animals are vulnerable to being treated and killed in ways which may be illegal in New Zealand.
There is no such thing as a “gold standard” of animal welfare in the live export trade.